The automatic microbial adaptive evolution instrument (EVOL cell) is a microbial domestication equipment developed based on high air permeable microtubule and unidirectional microfluidic technology. It has the functions of microbial culture, subculture, gradient addition of chemical factors, real-time detection, oxygen partial pressure control, etc. The microtube as a micro bioreactor has good permeability to a variety of gases(oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc), which can fully meet the requirements of gas exchange in the culture process. Gas environment around the reactor can be flexibly controled by the oxygen partial pressure control module, which can be used for the cultivation and adaptive evolution of a variety of icroorganisms.